Cooper pair splitting controlled by a temperature gradient

• Dmitry S. Golubev and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.7

• -correlated non-local shot noise in the presence of a temperature gradient. We suggest that applying a temperature gradient may serve as an extra tool to control the phenomenon of Cooper pair splitting. Keywords: Cooper pair splitting; entanglement; quantum shot noise; superconducting hybrid nanostructures

• -transparency barriers at NS interfaces [20][21] and later extended to the case of arbitrary barrier transmissions [22][23][24][25]. Positively cross-correlated non-local shot noise was indeed observed in a number of experiments [26][27]. Real-time observation of Cooper pair splitting was also reported in a

• behavior of cross-correlated non-local shot noise in the presence of a temperature gradient. Note that, previously, this so-called “delta-T” noise was studied in normal atomic-scale junctions [29]. Here, we demonstrate that such kind of noise can also manifest itself in subtle non-local properties of

Superconductor–insulator transition in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1402–1408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.124

• experiments [7][8][9][10]. Likewise, quantum phase slips in superconducting nanowires yield shot noise of the voltage [11] which originates from the process of quantum tunneling of magnetic flux quanta across the wire. One can also proceed beyond the voltage–voltage correlator and evaluate all cumulants of

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• biased at 5 V. The estimation of the detectivity D*, which is defined as where A is the active area of the photodetector, and e is the elementary charge, gives a value of ca. 1.2 × 109 cm·Hz1/2·W−1, under the assumption that shot noise is the primary source of noise in the detector [32]. Taking into

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• ”. Scanning helium ion beam lithography has the advantages of virtually zero proximity effect, nanoscale patterning capability and high sensitivity in combination with a novel fullerene resist based on the sub-nanometre C60 molecule. The shot noise-limited minimum linewidth achieved to date is 6 nm. The

• the lines were broken at a line dose of 0.04 nC·cm−1, which is equivalent to 25 ions per nanometre, i.e., a signal-to-noise ratio of 5:1. The line discontinuity is caused by shot noise producing missing pixels. Thus 6 nm represents the current limit of 1:1 dense features using SHIBL to expose HM-01A

Electronic conduction during the formation stages of a single-molecule junction

• Atindra Nath Pal,
• Tal Klein,
• Ayelet Vilan and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1471–1477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.138

• configurations before the realization of a single-molecule bridge based on vanadocene molecules and silver electrodes. With the aid of conductance measurements, inelastic electron spectroscopy and shot noise analysis, we identify the formation of a single-molecule junction in parallel to a single-atom junction

• junction; molecular vibration; quantum interference; shot noise; Introduction Single-molecule junctions serve as a versatile atomic-scale laboratory for quantum electronic transport [1][2]. The formation of such molecular junctions, where a molecule is suspended as a bridge between two metallic electrodes

• molecules [4][5][6]. Here, we use conductance measurements, inelastic electron spectroscopy, and shot noise analysis to identify the formation of a single-molecule junction based on an organometallic vanadocene molecule (Figure 1, inset) in parallel to a single atom silver (Ag) junction. The interplay

Disorder-induced suppression of the zero-bias conductance peak splitting in topological superconducting nanowires

• Jun-Tong Ren,
• Hai-Feng Lü,
• Sha-Sha Ke,
• Yong Guo and
• Huai-Wu Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1358–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.128

• the peak height. Remarkably, for a longer nanowire, the zero-bias peak could be reproduced by weak disorder for a finite Majorana energy splitting. It is interesting that the shot noise provides a signature to discriminate whether the zero-bias peak is induced by Majorana zero mode or disorder. For

• Majorana zero mode, the noise Fano factor approaches zero in the low bias voltage limit due to the resonant Andreev tunneling. However, the Fano factor is finite in the case of a disorder-induced zero-bias peak. Keywords: conductance peak spacing; disorder; Majorana energy splitting; shot noise; zero-bias

• > = Ga −Gr holds. Finally, we define the noise Fano factor F = SL(ω = 0)/2eIL to measure the deviation from the uncorrelated Poissonian noise for which F = 1, with respect to which the shot noise can be enhanced or suppressed because the current fluctuations in the device are highly susceptible to

Ion beam profiling from the interaction with a freestanding 2D layer

• Ivan Shorubalko,
• Kyoungjun Choi,
• Michael Stiefel and
• Hyung Gyu Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 682–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.73

• focused ion beam across the knife edge can change the edge shape because of a milling effect incurred by the ion beam irradiation itself. Increasing the scan speed over the edge in order to avert the damage, gives rise to other problems such as shot noise and statistical beam fluctuations. Another

Accurate, explicit formulae for higher harmonic force spectroscopy by frequency modulation-AFM

• Kfir Kuchuk and
• Uri Sivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 149–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.14

• their small magnitude due to the weak response of the cantilever to frequencies far from its resonance. At these frequencies, the noise in well-designed AFMs is dominated by the shot noise of the photodiode in the optical detection system. The SNR of higher harmonic amplitudes is therefore expected to

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• called shot noise, cannot be described properly as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which is independent of the signal. A more generic noise model of the form: has to be used, in which ηp(x) ~ P(y(x)) is a Poisson-distributed signal-dependent component, scaled by a constant α > 0 and ηG(x) a

• , 500 and 580 nm. The modified BM3D algorithm successfully reduces shot noise, but preserves fine structural details in the apical cytoplasm of the cells (encircled in a′ and b′). Quantum dot nanoparticles (arrows in d′) adhere to the apical surface of the cells and emit in channel 4 only. Denoising by

• dot nanoparticles (yellow). Some of the nanoparticles adhere to mucus (upper third in a and b), some others adhere to the apical membrane of the epithelial cells (arrows in b). The grainy structure in the lumen (encircled in a) represents photon shot noise only; it is completely removed by the

Direct observation of microcavitation in underwater adhesion of mushroom-shaped adhesive microstructure

• Lars Heepe,
• Alexander E. Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 903–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.103

• output of the high-speed camera. Finally, shot noise was added to the simulated image so that the standard deviation of the background is comparable to the noise obtained from Figure 3B. Results and Discussion We measured pull-off forces of individual MSAMSs on glass substrates under different wetting

Noise performance of frequency modulation Kelvin force microscopy

• Heinrich Diesinger,
• Dominique Deresmes and
• Thierry Mélin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1–18, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.1

• phase comparators, e.g., edge triggered ones. It is basically a translation by f0 of the deflection noise PSD. The translation of the Lorentzian component of the deflection noise yields a first order lowpass with respect to fpert with a cutoff frequency f0/(2Q), whereas the constant detector shot noise

A highly pH-sensitive nanowire field-effect transistor based on silicon on insulator

• Denis E. Presnov,
• Sergey V. Amitonov,
• Pavel A. Krutitskii,
• Valentina V. Kolybasova,
• Igor A. Devyatov,
• Vladimir A. Krupenin and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 330–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.38

• [23] as SIB = (2eV/RB) coth (eV/2kBTB), where TB is the temperature of the barrier, RB is the barrier resistance, and V the voltage drop across it. At eV << kBTB this equation turns into the thermal fluctuation equation SIB = 4kBT/RB; at eV >> kBT, it turns into shot noise equation SIB = 2eI. Since

• NW current fluctuations. Considering this, from Equation 11 and Equation 12 it follows that the charge sensitivity of NW FET is where Ξ = ρ2LKε3/2βλ3, L is the NW length, and I the direct current through the barriers. As opposed to the respective expression in [5] there is no shot-noise contribution

• proportional to the current in our estimation of the fluctuation. The derived Equation 13 is more correct since it is known [24] that in diffused resistors shot noise does not sum up to the thermal fluctuation and exists only for resistors of small size at low temperature. Equation 13 gives an estimation of

Thermal noise limit for ultra-high vacuum noncontact atomic force microscopy

• Jannis Lübbe,
• Matthias Temmen,
• Sebastian Rode,
• Philipp Rahe,
• Angelika Kühnle and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 32–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.4

• beam deflection (OBD) setup were recently discussed in detail [3] and it was found that the major noise sources are shot noise arising from the photodetector as well as Johnson noise originating from the resistors in the preamplifier. Further noise is generated in the laser diode that is mainly quantum

• -bandwidth preamplifier. The benefit of the high-bandwidth amplifier is the possibility to operate cantilevers at their higher resonance frequencies, where the displacement-noise floor significantly decreases even for a similar voltage noise caused by the laser-power-dependent photodiode shot noise due to

Strong spin-filtering and spin-valve effects in a molecular V–C₆₀–V contact

• Mohammad Koleini and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.69

• conductance of e2/h could result from a single spin-channel with perfect transmission or two half-transmitting channels. In combination with measurements of the conductance, measurements of current shot-noise as characterized by the Fano factor, can provide further insights into the distribution of

• transmissions in the conductance channels as demonstrated for molecular contacts [35][36]. In Figure 5c, we observe how the noise is significantly smaller for the FM configuration and drops already well before contact (d − deq ≈ 1.5 Å) is established. Since the shot noise in the FM case is low in contact, while

• transport properties of a C60-molecular junction in a setup relevant for STM experiments. Our results demonstrate how the FM and AFM configurations can be identified due to their markedly different conductance and shot noise. Thus, it may allow for the study of the magnetic coupling between tip and

Nanolesions induced by heavy ions in human tissues: Experimental and theoretical studies

• Marcus Bleicher,
• Lucas Burigo,
• Marco Durante,
• Maren Herrlitz,
• Michael Krämer,
• Igor Mishustin,
• Iris Müller,
• Francesco Natale,
• Igor Pshenichnov,
• Stefan Schramm,
• Gisela Taucher-Scholz and
• Cathrin Wälzlein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 556–563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.64

• (marking chromocenters), green color GFP-XRCC1. Total imaging time: 9.5 min. Shot noise (due to neutron scattering) indicates the irradiation time points. Please note the fast GFP-XRCC1 recruitment along tracks, disappearance of euchromatic foci (green) and the prolonged retention of heterochromatic GFP

Current-induced forces in mesoscopic systems: A scattering-matrix approach

• Niels Bode,
• Silvia Viola Kusminskiy,
• Reinhold Egger and
• Felix von Oppen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 144–162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.15

• Langevin force originating from Nyquist and shot noise of the current flow. We apply our general formalism to several simple models that illustrate the peculiar nature of the current-induced forces. Specifically, we find that in out-of-equilibrium situations the current-induced forces can destabilize the

• ) expectation value , evaluated for a given trajectory X(t) of the mechanical degrees of freedom, plus fluctuations containing both Johnson–Nyquist and shot noise. These fluctuations give rise to a Langevin force ξν. Hence Equation 7 becomes where the trace “tr” is taken over the dot levels, and we have

Transmission eigenvalue distributions in highly conductive molecular junctions

• Justin P. Bergfield,
• Joshua D. Barr and
• Charles A. Stafford

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 40–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.5

• counting statistics of a distribution are characterized by its cumulants. By using a single-particle theory to describe a single-channel junction, it can be shown [32][33] that the first cumulant is related to the junction transmission function, while the second cumulant is related to the shot-noise

• stemming from the interplay between Coulomb blockade and coherent-interference effects, which occur simultaneously [6][11]. Although the Fano factor reflects the nature of the transport, it is not directly related to the shot-noise power in a many-body theory. The richness of the transport in this regime

• , however, suggests that a full many-body calculation of a higher-order moment, such as the shot noise, may exhibit equally interesting phenomena. Conclusion We have developed a state-of-the-art technique to model the lead–molecule coupling in highly conductive molecular junctions. The bonding between the

Transport through molecular junctions

• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 691–692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.74

• problem and help build confidence in our interpretations. Apart from direct conductance measurements, one now measures properties such as thermopower, shot noise, Raman scattering, photo-induced switching, and gate-induced level shifts, all at the single-molecule level. Moreover, by systematic variation